Clue → Date, person or event

Revolutions, nations and empires, 1789–1914

Catalogue 111 cards

Dates, people and events that changed the world, from the French Revolution to the eve of 1914: Napoleon, independence in Latin America, the Industrial Revolution, 1848, Italian and German unification, the American Civil War, the abolition of slavery, Meiji Japan, colonisation and the great inventions.

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ClueDate, person or event

In what year did the people of Paris storm the Bastille? 1789

In what year did the National Assembly abolish privileges, on the night of 4 August? 1789

In what year was the monarchy abolished in France and the Republic proclaimed? 1792

In what year did the fall of Robespierre end the Terror? 1794

In what year did the slaves of Saint-Domingue rise in revolt? 1791

In what year did Haiti declare its independence? 1804

In what year did the coup of 18 Brumaire take place? 1799

In what year was Napoleon Bonaparte crowned Emperor of the French? 1804

In what year did the British fleet win the Battle of Trafalgar? 1805

In what year did Napoleon’s Grande Armée invade Russia? 1812

In what year did the Final Act of the Congress of Vienna redraw the map of Europe after Napoleon? 1815

In what year did Britain ban the slave trade? 1807

In what year did the British Parliament pass the abolition of slavery in the Empire? 1833

In what year did Brazil abolish slavery? 1888

In what year did the Greeks rise up against the Ottomans? 1821

In what year did Brazil declare its independence? 1822

In what year did Belgium declare its independence? 1830

In what year did the first public steam railway open in England? 1825

In what year did the revolutions of the “Springtime of Nations” break out in Europe? 1848

In what year did Marx and Engels publish The Communist Manifesto? 1848

In what year was the International Workingmen’s Association founded in London? 1864

In what year did Bismarck’s Germany introduce compulsory health insurance for workers? 1883

In what year did the First Opium War begin? 1839

In what year did the Indian Mutiny break out? 1857

In what year was On the Origin of Species published? 1859

In what year did the Expedition of the Thousand land in Sicily? 1860

In what year was the Kingdom of Italy proclaimed? 1861

In what year was serfdom abolished in Russia? 1861

In what year did the American Civil War begin? 1861

In what year did the American Civil War end? 1865

In what year did the Meiji era begin in Japan? 1868

In what year was the Suez Canal opened? 1869

In what year did the Franco-Prussian War begin? 1870

In what year was the German Empire proclaimed? 1871

In what year did the Berlin Conference on the partition of Africa open? 1884

In what year did Émile Zola publish “J’accuse…!”? 1898

In what year did the Wright brothers make the first powered aeroplane flight? 1903

In what year did the revolution break out in Russia that forced Nicholas II to create a parliament? 1905

In what year did the Chinese Empire come to an end? 1912

Which general seized power in France in the coup of 18 Brumaire? Napoleon Bonapartealso: Bonaparte, Napoleon, Napoleon I, Napoléon Bonaparte

Which King of France was guillotined in January 1793? Louis XVIalso: Louis 16

Which Montagnard deputy, guillotined in 1794, embodied the Terror? Robespierrealso: Maximilien de Robespierre, Maximilien Robespierre

Which woman of letters wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen in 1791? Olympe de Gougesalso: de Gouges

Which British general defeated Napoleon at Waterloo? Wellingtonalso: the Duke of Wellington, Arthur Wellesley

Which British admiral was killed at Trafalgar? Nelsonalso: Horatio Nelson, Admiral Nelson, Lord Nelson

Which Austrian minister was one of the central figures of the Congress of Vienna? Metternichalso: Klemens von Metternich, Prince Metternich

Which former slave led the revolution in Saint-Domingue? Toussaint Louverturealso: Toussaint-Louverture, Toussaint L’Ouverture

Which general, known as the Liberator, freed Venezuela and Colombia from Spain? Simón Bolívaralso: Bolívar, Simon Bolivar, Bolivar

Which queen reigned over the United Kingdom from 1837 to 1901? Victoriaalso: Queen Victoria

What title did Queen Victoria receive in 1876? Empress of India

Which President of the United States led the North during the American Civil War? Abraham Lincolnalso: Lincoln

Which leader commanded the Expedition of the Thousand for Italian unification? Giuseppe Garibaldialso: Garibaldi

Which head of government of Piedmont-Sardinia prepared Italian unification through diplomacy? Cavouralso: Camillo Cavour, Count Cavour, Camillo Benso di Cavour

Which King of Piedmont-Sardinia became the first King of Italy in 1861? Victor Emmanuel IIalso: Victor-Emmanuel II, Vittorio Emanuele II

Which Italian patriot founded Young Italy in 1831? Giuseppe Mazzinialso: Mazzini

Which Prussian chancellor achieved German unification? Otto von Bismarckalso: Bismarck

Which King of Prussia was proclaimed German Emperor in 1871? Wilhelm Ialso: William I, Kaiser Wilhelm I, Wilhelm 1

Which German thinker wrote Das Kapital? Karl Marxalso: Marx

Which French scientist developed a vaccine against rabies in 1885? Louis Pasteuralso: Pasteur

Which British naturalist set out the theory of the evolution of species by natural selection? Charles Darwinalso: Darwin

Which physicist discovered polonium and radium with Pierre Curie in 1898? Marie Curiealso: Marie Skłodowska-Curie, Marie Sklodowska-Curie

Which American inventor developed a long-lasting electric light bulb in 1879? Thomas Edisonalso: Edison, Thomas Alva Edison

Which British engineer built the locomotive for the Stockton and Darlington line? George Stephensonalso: Stephenson

Which American industrialist introduced the assembly line in 1913 to build the Model T? Henry Fordalso: Ford

Which Scottish explorer crossed southern Africa and reached the Victoria Falls in 1855? David Livingstonealso: Livingstone

Which King of the Belgians owned the Congo Free State as his personal possession? Leopold IIalso: Léopold II, Leopold 2

Which Japanese emperor reigned from 1867 to 1912 and gave his name to an era of modernisation? Meijialso: Emperor Meiji, Mutsuhito

Which revolutionary became the first President of the Republic of China in 1912? Sun Yat-senalso: Sun Yixian, Sun Zhongshan

Which British nurse became famous during the Crimean War? Florence Nightingalealso: Nightingale

Which Emperor of the French was taken prisoner by the Prussians at Sedan? Napoleon IIIalso: Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, Louis Napoleon

Which Russian tsar abolished serfdom in 1861? Alexander IIalso: Alexander 2

Who was Tsar of Russia during the revolution of 1905? Nicholas IIalso: Nicholas 2

Which Jewish captain in the French army was wrongly convicted of treason in 1894? Alfred Dreyfusalso: Dreyfus, Captain Dreyfus

Which British campaigner founded the Women’s Social and Political Union, the suffragette movement, in 1903? Emmeline Pankhurstalso: Pankhurst

Which brothers held the first paid public film screening in Paris in 1895? the Lumière brothersalso: Lumière, Auguste and Louis Lumière, the Lumiere brothers

Which text, adopted in August 1789, proclaimed that men are born free and equal in rights? the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizenalso: the Declaration of the Rights of Man, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

Which assembly, meeting at Versailles in May 1789, saw its Third Estate deputies proclaim themselves the National Assembly? the Estates-Generalalso: the Estates General, the States-General

Which battle of 1805 saw Napoleon defeat the Austrian and Russian armies? Austerlitzalso: the Battle of Austerlitz

Which battle of June 1815 brought the Napoleonic Empire to an end? Waterlooalso: the Battle of Waterloo

On which island was Napoleon exiled after Waterloo? Saint Helenaalso: St Helena, the island of Saint Helena

Which code, enacted in 1804 and also called the Napoleonic Code, has inspired the law of many countries? the Civil Codealso: the Napoleonic Code, the Code Napoléon, the French Civil Code

Which empire disappeared with the abdication of Francis II in 1806? the Holy Roman Empirealso: the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation

Which dynasty returned to the throne of France in 1814 after the fall of Napoleon? the Bourbonsalso: Bourbon, the House of Bourbon

Which alliance, signed in 1815 by Russia, Austria and Prussia, defended monarchies against revolutions? the Holy Alliance

Which nineteenth-century political doctrine demanded a constitution and individual freedoms against absolute monarchies? liberalism

What is the name of the nineteenth-century principle that each people should form its own state? the principle of nationalityalso: nationalism, the principle of nationalities

Which parliament, meeting in 1848 in St Paul’s Church in Frankfurt, tried to unify Germany? the Frankfurt Parliamentalso: the Frankfurt National Assembly

Which customs union, formed in 1834 around Prussia, paved the way for German unification? the Zollvereinalso: the German Customs Union

Which battle of 1866 secured Prussia’s victory over Austria? Königgrätzalso: Sadowa, Koniggratz, the Battle of Königgrätz, the Battle of Sadowa

Which battle of September 1870 brought about the fall of the Second Empire? Sedanalso: the Battle of Sedan

Which regime was set up in France after the fall of the Second Empire in 1870? the Third Republicalso: the French Third Republic

Which city became the capital of the unified Kingdom of Italy in 1871? Rome

Which British movement of 1838 demanded universal male suffrage? Chartismalso: the Chartists, the Chartist movement

What is the name of a vote restricted to citizens who pay a certain amount of tax? census suffragealso: property qualification, the property qualification, censitary suffrage, tax-based suffrage

Which country was the first to give women the vote at national level? New Zealand

Which source of energy, together with oil, drove the Second Industrial Revolution at the end of the nineteenth century? electricity

Which revolution, born in Great Britain with enclosures and the end of fallow land, came before the Industrial Revolution? the Agricultural Revolutionalso: the British Agricultural Revolution

What is the name of the mass movement of country people to the industrial towns? the rural exodusalso: rural depopulation, the drift from the land

What is the name of the social class of factory workers born of the Industrial Revolution? the working classalso: the proletariat, the workers

What are the workers’ associations that defend their wages and working conditions called? trade unionsalso: unions, labour unions

Which German party did Bismarck try to stifle with the Anti-Socialist Laws of 1878? the SPDalso: the Social Democratic Party, the Social Democrats, the Social Democratic Party of Germany, the SAP, the Socialist Workers’ Party of Germany

Which method of organising work, named after an American engineer, breaks down workers’ tasks? Taylorismalso: scientific management

Which war, from 1853 to 1856, pitted Russia against the Ottoman Empire, France and Britain? the Crimean Waralso: Crimea

Which empire was nicknamed “the sick man of Europe” in the nineteenth century? the Ottoman Empirealso: the Turkish Empire

What did the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1865, abolish? slavery

Which colonial empire was the largest in the world on the eve of the First World War? the British Empire

Which African territory did the Berlin Conference recognise as belonging to Leopold II, King of the Belgians? the Congo Free Statealso: the Congo, the Independent State of the Congo

Which African country defeated Italy at Adwa in 1896 and kept its independence? Ethiopiaalso: Abyssinia

Which country lost Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines to the United States in 1898? Spain

Which settlers of Dutch origin fought the British in South Africa from 1899 to 1902? the Boersalso: the Afrikaners

Which Chinese uprising of 1900 besieged the foreign legations in Peking? the Boxer Rebellionalso: the Boxer Uprising, the Boxers

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