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The imparfait and the choice of a past tense
Telling what used to happen and how things were: parlais, finissions, étais, il faisait, il y avait, then the choice between the passé composé and the imparfait in a short story in the past.
The imparfait (past continuous) is formed from the nous form of the présent (present simple), minus -ons.
- Autrefois, nous parlions anglais à la maison.We used to speak English at home.
Formation
- The endings -ais, -ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, -aient are added to the stem: the nous form without -ons.
- The rule holds for every verb except être.
- The endings -ais, -ait and -aient sound the same.
| nous form | Stem | Imparfait |
|---|---|---|
| nous parlons | parl- | je parlais |
| nous habitons | habit- | j'habitais, il habitait |
| nous attendons | attend- | tu attendais |
| nous prenons | pren- | nous prenions, vous preniez |
| nous finissons | finiss- | nous finissions, ils finissaient |
Verbs in -ger and -cer
- Verbs in -ger and -cer take e or ç before a, for a soft sound: je mangeais, elle commençait.
- Before -ions and -iez, no change is needed: nous mangions, nous commencions.
Difference from English
- "Used to" is translated by the imparfait, with no extra word: nous parlions ("we used to speak").
Common mistake
Autrefois, nous prenons le train.→ Autrefois, nous prenions le train.With nous, the imparfait ends in -ions; nous prenons is the présent.
Show the answer parler · imparfait · je parlaisShow the answer
Show the answer finir · imparfait · nous finissionsShow the answer
Être is the one irregular verb in the imparfait (past continuous): its stem is ét-, with the usual endings.
- Quand j'étais petit, il y avait un lac.When I was little, there was a lake.
Formation
- The forms of être are étais, étais, était, étions, étiez, étaient.
- Avoir is regular in the imparfait: il avait.
- Il y a is il y avait in the imparfait, and it does not change before a plural noun.
- The imparfait of faire is formed from nous faisons: faisait, faisions, faisaient; the weather is expressed with il faisait.
Difference from English
- "There was" and "there were" are both il y avait.
Common mistake
Il était froid.→ Il faisait froid."It was cold", for the weather, is expressed with faire, not être.
Show the answer être · imparfait · je étaisShow the answer
Show the answer être · imparfait · nous étionsShow the answer
The imparfait (past continuous) is used to describe the past and to tell what happened regularly.
- Quand il était jeune, mon père jouait au foot le dimanche.When he was young, my father played football on Sundays.
Use
- A description in the past is in the imparfait: était, étaient, portait des lunettes.
- An age or a feeling in the past is also in the imparfait: avait dix ans.
- A repeated action in the past is in the imparfait: dînait, dansait, chantait, partions, allions, faisaient.
- With a pronominal verb, the pronoun is placed before the verb: il se levait.
Time expressions
- A habit is often marked by tous les jours, le samedi, toujours, souvent, tout le temps or quand j'étais petit.
Difference from English
- The imparfait corresponds to the past continuous, but also to "used to" and "would" for a habit.
- "Would" for a past habit ("on Sundays we would go to the market") is the imparfait: nous allions.
- The conditionnel (would) nous irions is the "would" of a condition: "we would go if we could".
Show the answer Quand j'étais enfant, le samedi, ma famille ___ (dîner) chez ma grand-mère. dînaitShow the answer
Show the answer Quand il habitait à Londres, tous les matins, Paul ___ (se lever) à sept heures. se levaitShow the answer
A finished event is in the passé composé (past simple), and its background in the imparfait (past continuous).
- Je regardais un film quand Marie a téléphoné.I was watching a film when Marie phoned.
Use
- The passé composé is used for a finished event, often on a stated day: est arrivé, a vu, est entré.
- With être, the participle agrees as usual: sont entrés, and sont entrées for women.
- The imparfait is used for a habit (arrivait), the weather (faisait), a scene (il y avait), a state (étions fatigués).
- The imparfait is also used for an action in progress when an event happened: pleuvait, lisais.
Choosing
- To choose, ask: did it happen once and finish (passé composé), or was it going on or repeated (imparfait)?
Difference from English
- "Was reading" is translated by the imparfait: je lisais.
- "It rained" is il a plu for one event, but il pleuvait for the background to another.
Show the answer Hier, Paul ___ (arriver) à huit heures. est arrivéShow the answer
Show the answer À cette époque, tous les jours, Paul ___ (arriver) à neuf heures. arrivaitShow the answer
In a story, the scene is in the imparfait (past continuous), the events in the passé composé (past simple).
- Il neigeait. Les enfants sont sortis et ont joué dans le jardin.It was snowing. The children went out and played in the garden.
The scene
- The time and the weather are in the imparfait: il était six heures, il faisait beau.
- What was there and what was going on are in the imparfait: il y avait, lisait, dormait.
- Feelings are also in the imparfait: était fatiguée.
The events
- Each event that moves the story forward is in the passé composé: sont allés, ont acheté, ont visité.
- With être, the participle agrees: sont arrivés, and sont arrivées for women.
- An event with a stated length, such as pendant une heure, is in the passé composé: ont parlé.
Difference from English
- The tense depends on the meaning, not on the English verb form.
- In "Paul was tired, so he went to bed", the state is était fatigué and the event s'est couché.
Show the answer Dimanche dernier, quand je me suis levé, il ___ (faire) très beau. faisaitShow the answer
Show the answer Il faisait beau. Alors Léa et Paul ___ (aller) au parc avec leur chien. sont allésShow the answer
The imparfait (past continuous) and the passé composé (past simple) are practised together.
- Avant, nous déjeunions à la cantine.We used to have lunch in the canteen.
- Il faisait froid, alors elle est rentrée.It was cold, so she went home.
Forms
- The forms of the imparfait include vivait, prenaient, allaient, étiez, faisions, mangions, dînions and déjeunions.
- Description and habit are in the imparfait: avait, faisait.
- Finished events are in the passé composé: avons mangé, est rentrée, est partie.
Show the answer Autrefois, ma tante ___ (vivre) à Paris. vivaitShow the answer
Show the answer prendre · imparfait · ils/elles prenaientShow the answer
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