Contents · A1
- The verb in the present tense
- Presenting and identifying
- Being able, wanting, having to; requests and orders
- The past and the near future
- Nouns and articles
- Quantity: the partitive and de
- Adjectives
- Pronouns and possessives
- Questions and negation
- Prepositions of place and time
- Adverbs of place and time
- Linking words
Tap a sentence to see its translation.
Prepositions of place#
Use
Position is expressed by a preposition before the noun: dans (“in, inside”), sur (“on”), sous (“under”), devant (“in front of”), derrière (“behind”), avec (“with”) and chez (“at the home or shop of”), which is followed by a person: chez Marie, chez le médecin.
Towns and countries. A town is preceded by à, with no article: à Lyon, à Londres. A country is preceded by en when it is feminine (most countries ending in -e: en France, en Italie), by au when it is masculine (au Japon, au Canada) and by aux when it is plural (aux États-Unis). A masculine country beginning with a vowel is also preceded by en: en Iran. The same forms express where someone is and where someone goes.
À and de with the article. À and de contract with le and les:
| + le | + la | + l’ | + les | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| à | au | à la | à l’ | aux |
| de | du | de la | de l’ | des |
Venir de expresses where someone comes from: de Lyon, de France (feminine country, no article), du Japon, des États-Unis. A sport is played with jouer à (jouer au tennis), an instrument with jouer de (jouer de la guitare).
Means of transport. A vehicle one gets into is preceded by en: en train, en voiture, en bus, en avion. What one rides, and going on foot, are expressed with à: à vélo, à cheval, à pied. (En vélo is also common in speech.)
- Le chat dort sous la table.The cat is sleeping under the table.
- Ce soir, je dîne chez Lucas.This evening I am having dinner at Lucas’s.
- Ma sœur habite à Madrid, en Espagne.My sister lives in Madrid, in Spain.
- Nous allons au zoo avec les enfants.We are going to the zoo with the children.
- Tom vient des États-Unis.Tom comes from the United States.
- Elle joue du piano et au football.She plays the piano and football.
- Je vais à l’école à pied.I walk to school.
Difference from English
English in is translated in several ways: dans la cuisine (inside a room), à Rome (a town), en Allemagne (a feminine country). English by before a means of transport is en or à, not par. “At Marie’s” is chez Marie.
Common mistakes
Je vais à le cinéma.→ Je vais au cinéma.À + le contracts to au.J’habite en Paris.→ J’habite à Paris.A town is preceded by à.Il joue le tennis.→ Il joue au tennis.A sport is played with jouer à.
Practise
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Prepositions of time#
Use
À is used with a clock time: à huit heures, à midi. En is used with a month, a year and three seasons: en mars, en 2015, en été, en automne, en hiver; spring is the exception, au printemps. A date is preceded by le: le 14 juillet. A weekday with le expresses a habit: le samedi (“on Saturdays”), while samedi alone is one particular Saturday.
- Le magasin ferme à sept heures du soir.The shop closes at seven in the evening.
- Mon anniversaire est en avril.My birthday is in April.
- Au printemps, il y a des fleurs dans le parc.In spring there are flowers in the park.
- Nous partons en vacances le 2 août.We are going on holiday on 2 August.
Common mistakes
dans juin→ en juinA month is preceded by en; dans + a length of time means “in … from now”.sur lundi→ lundi / le lundiA day is used without a preposition.
In short
| Meaning | Preposition | Example |
|---|---|---|
| town | à | à Rome |
| country | en (f.), au (m.), aux (pl.) | en Chine, au Japon |
| at someone’s | chez | chez moi |
| vehicle | en | en bus |
| on foot, riding | à | à pied, à vélo |
| clock time | à | à six heures |
| month, year, season | en (au printemps) | en mai |
Practise
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