Contents · A1
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The Ukrainian future of an ordinary verb is made with the future of бу́ти, бу́ду, followed by the infinitive. A few verbs have a future of their own in one word, and a second one-word future, чита́тиму, means the same as бу́ду чита́ти.
The future of бу́ти: бу́ду, бу́деш … бу́дуть#
Formation
Бу́ти has a future with person endings: бу́ду, бу́деш, бу́де, бу́демо, бу́дете, бу́дуть.
| бу́ти | |
|---|---|
| я | бу́ду |
| ти | бу́деш |
| він/вона/воно | бу́де |
| ми | бу́демо |
| ви | бу́дете |
| вони | бу́дуть |
Use
Бу́ду says where or what someone will be: За́втра я бу́ду вдо́ма. Unlike the present, the future of бу́ти is never left out. With no subject it means “there will be”: За́втра бу́де дощ.
- За́втра я бу́ду в Ки́єві.I'll be in Kyiv tomorrow.
- Ти бу́деш удо́ма вве́чері?Will you be at home this evening?
- У субо́ту бу́де конце́рт.There'll be a concert on Saturday.
- Вони́ бу́дуть на робо́ті.They'll be at work.
Difference from English
English will be has one form for every person; бу́ти agrees with its subject: я бу́ду, вони́ бу́дуть.
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The future with бу́ду: бу́ду чита́ти#
Formation
The future of an ordinary verb is made with бу́ду, бу́деш… and the infinitive, which does not change. The negative не is placed before бу́ду: Я не бу́ду чека́ти.
| чита́ти | |
|---|---|
| я | бу́ду чита́ти |
| ти | бу́деш чита́ти |
| він/вона/воно | бу́де чита́ти |
| ми | бу́демо чита́ти |
| ви | бу́дете чита́ти |
| вони | бу́дуть чита́ти |
Use
Бу́ду чита́ти expresses what will happen or what will be going on: “I will read”, “I will be reading”. Time words such as за́втра, вве́чері, у субо́ту place the action in the future. The question is Що ти бу́деш роби́ти?
- Уве́чері я бу́ду чита́ти.I'll be reading this evening.
- Що ти бу́деш роби́ти за́втра?What will you do tomorrow?
- Ми бу́демо працюва́ти в субо́ту.We'll be working on Saturday.
- Я не бу́ду чека́ти.I won't wait.
Common mistakes
Я бу́ду чита́ю.→ Я бу́ду чита́ти.After бу́ду the verb stays in the infinitive.Я ні бу́ду.→ Я не бу́ду.Before a verb the negative is не.
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A few futures in one word: змо́жу, скажу́, зроблю́#
Use
Many verbs come in pairs, such as роби́ти / зроби́ти and каза́ти / сказа́ти: the difference between them is aspect, taught at A2. The second verb of a pair, the perfective, has a future in one word and never takes бу́ду: зроблю́ (I'll do it, get it done), скажу́ (I'll say, I'll tell), змо́жу (I'll be able to). At A1 these forms are met as words.
- Не хвилю́йся, я все зроблю́.Don't worry, I'll get it all done.
- Я скажу́, де банк.I'll tell you where the bank is.
- Я не змо́жу прийти́.I won't be able to come.
Common mistake
Я бу́ду зроби́ти.→ Я зроблю́.A perfective verb never takes бу́ду.
The future in -му: чита́тиму#
Formation
The future of an ordinary verb can also be one word: the infinitive followed by -му, -меш, -ме, -мемо, -мете, -муть: чита́тиму, чита́тимеш, чита́тиме, чита́тимемо, чита́тимете, чита́тимуть. The stress stays where it is in the infinitive.
Use
Чита́тиму means the same as бу́ду чита́ти and is common in books and in speech. At A1 it is recognised; бу́ду + infinitive is the form made.
- За́втра я працюва́тиму.Tomorrow I'll be working.
- Що ви роби́тимете в неді́лю?What will you do on Sunday?
In short
| Form | Example | Use |
|---|---|---|
| бу́ду, бу́деш… | Я бу́ду вдо́ма. | will be |
| бу́ду + infinitive | Я бу́ду чита́ти. | will read, will be reading |
| не бу́ду + infinitive | Я не бу́ду чита́ти. | will not read |
| a perfective future, met | зроблю́, скажу́, змо́жу | will do, will say, will be able |
| -тиму, recognised | чита́тиму | the same as бу́ду чита́ти |