Contents · A1
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Finnish has one simple past tense, the imperfect, used for an event that is over, often with a time word such as eilen (yesterday) or viime viikolla (last week). Its marker is -i-, placed before the personal endings of the present. At A1 the past of olla is learnt in full, and the past of a few common verbs as phrases.
Saying where you were: olin, oli, ei ollut, minulla oli#
Formation
The past of olla is formed on ol- with the marker -i- and the personal endings: olin, olit, oli, olimme, olitte, olivat. The third person singular has no ending: oli. The negative is the negative verb followed by ollut in the singular and olleet in the plural: en ollut, ei ollut; emme olleet, eivät olleet.
| olla | |
|---|---|
| minä | olin |
| sinä | olit |
| hän | oli |
| me | olimme |
| te | olitte |
| he | olivat |
| olla | |
|---|---|
| minä | en ollut |
| sinä | et ollut |
| hän | ei ollut |
| me | emme olleet |
| te | ette olleet |
| he | eivät olleet |
Use
The past of minulla on is minulla oli; its negative minulla ei ollut is followed by the partitive, as in the present. A question takes -ko: Olitko kotona? Oliko sinulla aikaa? The short answer is Olin. or En ollut., Oli. or Ei ollut.
- Olin eilen töissä.I was at work yesterday.
- Me olimme viime viikolla Oulussa.We were in Oulu last week.
- Pekka ei ollut eilen koulussa.Pekka wasn't at school yesterday.
- Olitko kotona eilen illalla? – Olin.Were you at home last night? – Yes, I was.
- Minulla oli koira.I had a dog.
Difference from English
English was and were are two forms; Finnish olla has a form for each person. English I had is minulla oli, the past of the have-construction.
Common mistakes
Hän ei oli kotona.→ Hän ei ollut kotona.After the negative verb, the past is ollut.Minä olin auto.(meaning “I had a car”) → Minulla oli auto. “Had” is the adessive with oli.
Practise
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Saying what you did: menin, tulin, kävin, söin#
Formation
The past of a few common verbs is learnt as phrases. The marker -i- replaces the last vowel of the stem: menen → menin, meni; tulen → tulin, tuli. In syödä and juoda the first vowel of the stem is dropped: söin, söi; join, joi. Tehdä has the past tein, teki; käydä the past kävin, kävi.
| Infinitive | minä | hän |
|---|---|---|
| mennä | menin | meni |
| tulla | tulin | tuli |
| käydä | kävin | kävi |
| syödä | söin | söi |
| juoda | join | joi |
| tehdä | tein | teki |
Use
Käydä in the past is a visit that is over, “went and came back”, with the place in -ssa or -lla: Kävin kaupassa. Mennä is followed by the illative: Menin kauppaan. The time word shows the tense: eilen with the past, nyt and huomenna with the present, since Finnish has no future tense.
- Eilen kävin museossa.Yesterday I went to a museum.
- Söimme illallista ravintolassa.We had dinner in a restaurant.
- Isä tuli kotiin myöhään.Dad came home late.
- Mitä teit viikonloppuna?What did you do at the weekend?
Difference from English
English went, came and ate are irregular; the Finnish past has one marker, -i-. English I went to the shop is kävin kaupassa when the visit is over.
Common mistakes
Eilen kävin kauppaan.→ Eilen kävin kaupassa.Käydä takes the inessive.Eilen menen kotiin.→ Eilen menin kotiin.With eilen the verb is in the past.
In short
| Point | Form | Example |
|---|---|---|
| past of olla | olin, olit, oli, olimme, olitte, olivat | Olin kotona. |
| negative | en ollut; plural emme olleet | Pekka ei ollut koulussa. |
| had | minulla oli | Minulla oli koira. |
| question | Olitko? Oliko? | Olitko töissä? – Olin. |
| common verbs | menin, tulin, kävin, söin, join, tein | Kävin kaupassa. |
Practise
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